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employees_stores [2024/08/09 15:41] – [Employees at Hawkwood Station 1854-1858] judithemployees_stores [2025/04/26 22:16] (current) – [Employees, Stores] judith
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 The ledgers follow the social conventions re ethnicity and gender. Neither Indigenous workers nor the wife of an employed couple are named. When a couple was employed, the wage mentioned was for their combined labour. Interestingly, couples had a disadvantage in the labour market as their combined wage tended to be low compared to individual employees. Translated names clearly caused problems especially when it was likely those involved were not literate in English, and TLM-P probably only literate in English and French. If a fellow squatter was mentioned, he was referred to as 'Esq' (esquire).\\ The ledgers follow the social conventions re ethnicity and gender. Neither Indigenous workers nor the wife of an employed couple are named. When a couple was employed, the wage mentioned was for their combined labour. Interestingly, couples had a disadvantage in the labour market as their combined wage tended to be low compared to individual employees. Translated names clearly caused problems especially when it was likely those involved were not literate in English, and TLM-P probably only literate in English and French. If a fellow squatter was mentioned, he was referred to as 'Esq' (esquire).\\
 \\ \\
-The ledgers also showed the dependency of those who were able to select land on or near //Maroon//. Ezra Harvey was one such who appears heavily reliant on //Maroon//'s stores as the following pages show:{{:ezra_harvey_20231019_133928.jpg?350|}} {{:ezra_harvey_ledger_p.jpg?350|}}\\ +The ledgers also showed the dependency of those who were able to select land on or near //Maroon//. Ezra Harvey was one such who appears heavily reliant on //Maroon//'s stores as the following pages show:{{:ezra_harvey_20231019_133928.jpg?350|}} {{:ezra_harvey_ledger_p.jpg?350|}}  {{:ezra_harvey_20250422_113029.jpg?300|}}((display, Rathdowney Visitor Information Centre and Historical Museum, April 2025))\\ 
 +Ezra married Mary Ann Langdon in England in 1857 on her 21st birthday. They emigrated to Morton Bay,arriving 16 February 1858. Ezra worked on Maroon when it was owned by James Collins. One of their children, Jain Harvey, was reputedly the first white child born on Maroon. In 1870, Eliza was one of the first selectors of blocks carved from //Maroon// with he, Mary Ann and their children living in a slab hut with an earthen floor. Between 1858-78, they had 11 children, three of whom died in childhood. Mary Ann died on 10 February 1884 from heat exhaustion after she and Ezra had ridden from Maroon to Tamrookum Creek to visit her brother george Langdon and his family who were newly arrived emigrants.(( Information from display at The Rathdowney Visitor Information Centre and Historical Museum, April 2025; Harvey Family re-union. From England to Australia (Booklet) 1984, courtesy Ross Drynan.))  
 ===== Indigenous workers ===== ===== Indigenous workers =====
 {{:ml_undated.jpg?300|}} This photo of a group of Aboriginal men (stockmen?) in the Murray-Prior papers (ML PXB661) has no attached information. It is a reminder of the huge gaps in our knowledge about the past, not the least from the Aboriginal viewpoint. The photo, faded and damaged as it is, gives context to TLM-P's criticism of depictions of 'Australians' and other indigenous groups at the [[wp>The_Crystal_Palace|Crystal Palace]] in England in 1882. He thought they were presented as 'miserable looking specimens' and 'very unlike those [Aboriginal people] I have seen'.((TLM-P, Diary, 29 June 1882, ML.)) When TLM-P dictated his memories of his early years in Queensland for Rosa, he included some translations and notes regarding indigenous language; some memories of Aboriginal employees; and the comments that, in his experience, Aboriginal Australians with exposure to white culture made good companions. It is unlikely, however, that he rose above his culture's assumption that they needed to adapt to British culture with little if any reciprocity.((Andrew Darbyshire, A Fair Slice of St Lucia. Thomas Lodge Murray-Prior, St Lucia History Group research paper no. 8, p.98 citing Rosa Praed papers, Box 3, 8370, packet 3/1/1/.))\\ {{:ml_undated.jpg?300|}} This photo of a group of Aboriginal men (stockmen?) in the Murray-Prior papers (ML PXB661) has no attached information. It is a reminder of the huge gaps in our knowledge about the past, not the least from the Aboriginal viewpoint. The photo, faded and damaged as it is, gives context to TLM-P's criticism of depictions of 'Australians' and other indigenous groups at the [[wp>The_Crystal_Palace|Crystal Palace]] in England in 1882. He thought they were presented as 'miserable looking specimens' and 'very unlike those [Aboriginal people] I have seen'.((TLM-P, Diary, 29 June 1882, ML.)) When TLM-P dictated his memories of his early years in Queensland for Rosa, he included some translations and notes regarding indigenous language; some memories of Aboriginal employees; and the comments that, in his experience, Aboriginal Australians with exposure to white culture made good companions. It is unlikely, however, that he rose above his culture's assumption that they needed to adapt to British culture with little if any reciprocity.((Andrew Darbyshire, A Fair Slice of St Lucia. Thomas Lodge Murray-Prior, St Lucia History Group research paper no. 8, p.98 citing Rosa Praed papers, Box 3, 8370, packet 3/1/1/.))\\
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 \\ \\
 ==== German migrants ==== ==== German migrants ====
-There are a number of German-sounding names in these ledgers, and others who were listed as German. This reflects the influx of Germans who settled in south-west Queensland mostly from the 1850s onwards. The 1901 census found that 38,352 Australians (of a total of 3,788,123) had been born in Germany. Of these, 13,163 lived in Queensland. Some of the possible or known German employees given below are\\+There are a number of German-sounding names in these ledgers, and others who were listed as German. This reflects the influx of Germans who settled in south-west Queensland mostly from the 1850s onwards. TLM-P wrote to the Colonial Secretary from Bromelton station on 10 November 1851 'For permission to import' three families of Germans under the Regulations of 7 April 1847. Permission was granted but it seems that the families did not arrive until 12 January 1852.((Colonial Secretary's papers 1822-1877, no.? 33054,Queensland State Library))   
 +The 1901 census found that 38,352 Australians (of a total of 3,788,123) had been born in Germany. Of these, 13,163 lived in Queensland. Some of the possible or known German employees given below are\\
 **Kinbracker and his wife**\\ **Kinbracker and his wife**\\
 **Eza(?) Woolfadl(?)** \\ **Eza(?) Woolfadl(?)** \\
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 **Henry Van Homerigh**\\ **Henry Van Homerigh**\\
 **Andreas Rücker and his wife**\\ **Andreas Rücker and his wife**\\
 +**Maēr**(German)\\
 \\ \\
 ==== Rosewood Station 1843-44 ==== ==== Rosewood Station 1843-44 ====
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 4  **Andreas Schmid** paid £30.10.0 for 'passage'\\ 4  **Andreas Schmid** paid £30.10.0 for 'passage'\\
 5. **Yager(?)** paid £25 pa.(possibly A. Yager, listed as German, see below) \\ 5. **Yager(?)** paid £25 pa.(possibly A. Yager, listed as German, see below) \\
-6  **Achow** see above under Chinese indentured labourers (Darnell list)\\+6  **Achow** (or Achen?) see above under Chinese indentured labourers (Darnell list) and below at Hawkwood\\
 7 **Tan See (or Tan Sue?)** see above under Chinese indentured labourers\\ 7 **Tan See (or Tan Sue?)** see above under Chinese indentured labourers\\
 8 **Bundoo** see above under Chinese indentured labourers \\ 8 **Bundoo** see above under Chinese indentured labourers \\
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 19 **Sydney Lynds** Possibly Reid's Sydney Ling a German doctor, see below; also possibly 'S. Linds' later in the Hawkwood accounts; Mr Sydney Linds was listed in 1856 as charge of cattle for £50 pa.\\ 19 **Sydney Lynds** Possibly Reid's Sydney Ling a German doctor, see below; also possibly 'S. Linds' later in the Hawkwood accounts; Mr Sydney Linds was listed in 1856 as charge of cattle for £50 pa.\\
 \\ \\
-The next ledger is also for Hawkwood station.((MLMSS 3117/Box 7X)) There is also a list of the shearers employed in 1855 including John Black who sheared 1600 sheep), 1856 and 1857. C. Daly and A. Rucker were contracted in 1856 and 1857 to build a kitchen with a shingle roof as well as 3 shepherd huts with two rooms 10x6 feet each, door and window. He also did business with a number of people and firms, such as John Powers & L. Hugham, carriers.Not all employees are listed, but some that were are:\\+The next ledger is also for Hawkwood station.((MLMSS 3117/Box 7X)) There is also a list of the shearers employed in 1855 including John Black who sheared 1600 sheep), 1856 and 1857. C. Daly and A. Rucker were contracted in 1856 and 1857 to build a kitchen with a shingle roof as well as 3 shepherd huts with two rooms 10x6 feet each, door and window. He also did business with a number of people and firms, such as John Powers & L. Hugham, carriers; Con. Daly, for shingles etc of new building; and Hughan & Smith. Not all employees are listed, but some that were are:\\
 \\ \\
  1 **Alexander (Alex) Brown** employed as overseer in 1856, paid £50 pa, later increased to £70 pa;\\  1 **Alexander (Alex) Brown** employed as overseer in 1856, paid £50 pa, later increased to £70 pa;\\
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 19 **Poki** (Coolie) see above under Chinese indentured labourers.\\ 19 **Poki** (Coolie) see above under Chinese indentured labourers.\\
 20 **Tinko** see above under Chinese indentured labourers (Darnell list).\\ 20 **Tinko** see above under Chinese indentured labourers (Darnell list).\\
-21 **Hughs**(?) 1855\\+21 **Hughs**(Hughan?) 1855\\
 22 **On**(?) employed at £35 pa, 1854.\\ 22 **On**(?) employed at £35 pa, 1854.\\
 23 **Ubi** see above under Chinese indentured labourers (Darnell list).\\ 23 **Ubi** see above under Chinese indentured labourers (Darnell list).\\
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 27 **Kaun**(Kann ?)\\ 27 **Kaun**(Kann ?)\\
 28 **Ruiker & Son** (Rucker?)\\ 28 **Ruiker & Son** (Rucker?)\\
-29,30 **N. Kinbracker and wife**, 1855, £40 pa (combined wage) - see also above for //Bromelton//+29,30 **N. Kinbracker and wife**, 1855, £40 pa (combined wage) - see also above for //Bromelton//\\
 31 **G. Publes**(?) (Stockman)\\ 31 **G. Publes**(?) (Stockman)\\
-32 **James Dugan**(?)\\ 
 33 **McCoy**\\ 33 **McCoy**\\
 34 **Ubi**(?) 1855, 1856, 14/- a week as a hutkeeper. See above under Chinese indentured labourers (Darnell list).\\ 34 **Ubi**(?) 1855, 1856, 14/- a week as a hutkeeper. See above under Chinese indentured labourers (Darnell list).\\
 35 **Lewis**\\ 35 **Lewis**\\
-36 **James Dagan**(Dajan or Dagar?)\\+36 **James Dagan**(Dugan or Dajan or Dagar?)\\
 37 **washers** of wool.\\ 37 **washers** of wool.\\
 38 **A. C. Thomas Esq** (earlier written as Thesmas Esq)\\ 38 **A. C. Thomas Esq** (earlier written as Thesmas Esq)\\
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 46 **Kinker** (short for Kinbracker?), 1856\\ 46 **Kinker** (short for Kinbracker?), 1856\\
 47,48 **Weip and wife**, he employed as stockman.\\ 47,48 **Weip and wife**, he employed as stockman.\\
-49  **Ganmies**(Gannini?) listed as a Coolieman, 1855. \+49  **Ganmies**(Gannini?) listed as a Coolieman, 1855. \\
 50 **Bundoo** paid £50 pa as shepherd and watch\\ 50 **Bundoo** paid £50 pa as shepherd and watch\\
 51 **Charles Hunter**\\ 51 **Charles Hunter**\\
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 54 **Andreas Rücker and son**, general servants at £30\\ 54 **Andreas Rücker and son**, general servants at £30\\
 55 **Henry Walker**, general servant at £30\\ 55 **Henry Walker**, general servant at £30\\
-56 **Dampe** listed as (Chinaman)employed as hutkeeper at at £25 pa\\+56 **Dampe** listed as (Chinaman)employed as hutkeeper at £25 pa. see above under Chinese indentured labourers (Darnell list)\\
 57 **Peter Piggott Esq** 57 **Peter Piggott Esq**
 58 **Sericold**(?) 1856 58 **Sericold**(?) 1856
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 60 **Benson Esq**\\ 60 **Benson Esq**\\
 61 **John Powers**, shearer, 1856 (and other shearers)\\ 61 **John Powers**, shearer, 1856 (and other shearers)\\
-62 **Robert Hughan**\\ +63 **Yung** listed as Chinaman and shearer. see above under Chinese indentured labourers (Darnell list)\\ 
-63 **Yung** listed as Chinaman, possibly shearer\\ +64 **Mortlock**, washer , -? and wool presser\\ 
- +65  **G. Ellworthy**\\ 
- +66,67+ shearers, washers\\ 
- +68 **Godfrey Cott**, 1857, general servant\\ 
- +69 **William Wilson**, bullock driver and general servant employed at £45 pa. 
 +70 **Brady**(?) driving cattle\\ 
 +71 **Achen** (Chinaman) (or Achow?) see above under Chinese indentured labourers (Darnell list) and above at Bromelton\\ 
 +72 **Maēr** (German), shepherd or hutkeeper at £25 or £30 pa.\\
 \\ \\
 In his private journal for 1858-60((MLMSS 3117/Box 7X)), TLM-P noted another employee:\\ In his private journal for 1858-60((MLMSS 3117/Box 7X)), TLM-P noted another employee:\\
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  • by judith